Circulating Vitamin D Levels and DNA Repair Capacity in Four Molecular
AshleeSeptember 27, 20200 Comments
Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Activity Determines the Maintenance of DNMT1-Mediated DNA Methylation Patterns in Pancreatic β-Cells
Metabolic stress, corresponding to lipotoxicity, impacts the DNA methylation profile in pancreatic β-cells and thus contributes to β-cell failure and the development of sort 2 diabetes (T2D). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that’s concerned in monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis, which protects pancreatic β-cells towards lipotoxicity. The current research discovered that SCD1 can also be required for the institution and upkeep of DNA methylation patterns in β-cells.
We confirmed that SCD1 inhibition/deficiency prompted DNA hypomethylation and adjusted the methyl group distribution inside chromosomes in β-cells. Decrease ranges of DNA methylation in SCD1-deficient β-cells have been adopted by decrease ranges of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1).
We additionally discovered that the downregulation of SCD1 in pancreatic β-cells led to the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and a rise within the exercise of the NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). Moreover, the bodily affiliation between DNMT1 and SIRT1 stimulated the deacetylation of DNMT1 beneath circumstances of SCD1 inhibition/downregulation, suggesting a mechanism by which SCD1 exerts management over DNMT1.
We additionally discovered that SCD1-deficient β-cells that have been handled with compound c, an inhibitor of AMPK, have been characterised by larger ranges of each international DNA methylation and DNMT1 protein expression in contrast with untreated cells.
Subsequently, we discovered that activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway mediates the impact of SCD1 inhibition/deficiency on DNA methylation standing in pancreatic β-cells. Altogether, these findings recommend that SCD1 is a gatekeeper that protects β-cells towards the lipid-derived lack of DNA methylation and supply mechanistic insights into the mechanism by which SCD1 regulates DNA methylation patterns in β-cells and T2D-relevant tissues.
Description: Creative Biogene Monkeypox Virus Real Time PCR Kit is used for the detection of monkeypox Virus in serum or lesion exudate samples by using real time PCR systems. Monkeypox virus (MPV) is a double-stranded DNA, zoonotic virus and a species of the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. It is one of the human orthopoxviruses that includes variola (VARV), cowpox (CPX), and vaccinia (VACV) viruses. The kit contains a specific ready-to-use system for the detection of the monkeypox Virus. Fluorescence is emitted and measured by the real time systems' optical unit during the PCR.
Description: Monkeypox virus is the virus that causes the disease monkeypox in both humans and animals. Monkeypox virus is an Orthopoxvirus, a genus of the family Poxviridae that contains other viral species that target mammals. The virus is mainly found in tropical rainforest regions of central and West Africa. The primary route of infection is thought to be contact with the infected animals or their bodily fluids. The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear double-stranded DNA, 185000 nucleotides long. The Monkeypox Virus real time PCR Kit contains a specific ready-to-use system for the detection of the Monkeypox Virusthrough polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the real-time PCR system. The master contains reagents and enzymes for the specific amplification of the Monkeypox Virus DNA. Fluorescence is emitted and measured by the real time systems ́ optical unit during the PCR. The detection of amplified Monkeypox Virus DNA fragment is performed in fluorimeter channel 530nm with the fluorescent quencher BHQ1. DNA extraction buffer is available in the kit and serum or lesion exudate samples are used for the extraction of the DNA. In addition, the kit contains a system to identify possible PCR inhibition by measuring the 560nm fluorescence of the internal control (IC). An external positive control defined as 1×10^7 copies/ml is supplied which allow the determination of the gene load.
Description: Monkeypox virus is the virus that causes the disease monkeypox in both humans and animals. Monkeypox virus is an Orthopoxvirus, a genus of the family Poxviridae that contains other viral species that target mammals. The virus is mainly found in tropical rainforest regions of central and West Africa. The primary route of infection is thought to be contact with the infected animals or their bodily fluids.The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of linear double-stranded DNA, 185000 nucleotides long.The Monkeypox Virus real time PCR Kit contains a specific ready-to-use system for the detection of the Monkeypox Virusthrough polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the real-time PCR system. The master contains reagents and enzymes for the specific amplification of theMonkeypox VirusDNA. Fluorescence is emitted and measured by the real time systems ́ optical unit during the PCR. The detection of amplified Monkeypox Virus DNA fragment is performed in fluorimeter channelFAM with the fluorescent quencher BHQ1. DNA extraction buffer is available in the kit and serum or lesion exudate samples are used for the extraction of the DNA. In addition, the kit contains a system to identify possible PCR inhibition by measuring the HEX/VIC/JOE fluorescence of the internal control (IC). An external positive control defined as 1×107copies/ml is supplied which allow the determination of the gene load.
Description: The Bioperfectus Monkeypox Virus Real Time PCR Kit is an in vitro diagnostic test, based on real-time PCR technology, for the detection of DNA from the Monkeypox virus. Specimens can be obtained from human serum, lesion exudate samples and scab. BSL-2 facilities with standard BSL-2 work practices may be used for the test of t he Monkeypox virus.
Description: Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real Time RT-PCR Kit is used for the qualitative detection of a novel coronavirus, which was identified in 2019 at Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in upper respiratory tract specimens (nasopharyngeal extracts, deep cough sputum, etc.) and lower respiratory tract specimens (alveoli irrigation fluid, etc.) by real time PCR systems.
Green Dye One Step qRT-PCR Master Mix For Quantitative Real Time PCR With ROX Dye
Circulating Vitamin D Levels and DNA Repair Capacity in Four Molecular Subtypes of Women with Breast Cancer
Vitamin D regulates estrogen synthesis amongst different mechanisms concerned in breast most cancers (BC) growth; nonetheless, no proof has been discovered relating to its relationship with DNA restore capability (DRC). Subsequently, the target of this research was to elucidate whether or not DRC ranges are linked with plasma 25(OH)D ranges.
BC circumstances and controls have been chosen from our BC cohort. DRC ranges have been assessed in lymphocytes by the host-cell reactivation assay. 25(OH)D ranges have been measured utilizing the UniCel DxI 600 Entry Immunoassay System. BC circumstances (n = 91) confirmed larger 25(OH)D ranges than the controls (n = 92) (p = 0.001).
When stratifying BC circumstances and controls into high and low DRC classes, BC circumstances with low DRC (n = 74) had the best 25(OH)D ranges (p = 0.0001).
A constructive correlation between 25(OH)D and DRC ranges was discovered for the controls (r = 0.215, p = 0.043) whereas a destructive correlation was discovered for BC circumstances (r = -0.236, p = 0.026). Important variations in 25(OH)D ranges have been noticed when stratifying by molecular subtypes (p = 0.0025).
Our research supplies proof of a hyperlink between 25(OH)D and DRC in BC together with an outline of to how 25(OH)D ranges fluctuate throughout subtypes. The constructive correlation noticed within the management group means that 25(OH)D contributes in a different way to DRC ranges as soon as the malignancy is developed.
Intercourse-specific associations with DNA methylation in lung tissue show smoking interactions
Cigarette smoking impacts DNA methylation, however the investigation of sex-specific options of lung tissue DNA methylation in people who smoke has been restricted. Girls seem extra prone to cigarette smoke, and sometimes develop extra extreme lung illness at an earlier age with much less smoke publicity.
We aimed to analyse whether or not there are intercourse variations in DNA methylation in lung tissue and whether or not these DNA methylation marks work together with smoking. We collected lung tissue samples from former people who smoke who underwent lung tissue resection. 100 thirty samples from white topics have been included for this evaluation. Regression fashions for intercourse as a predictor of methylation have been adjusted for age, presence of COPD, smoking variables and technical batch variables revealed 710 related websites.
294 websites demonstrated sturdy sex-specific methylation associations in foetal lung tissue. Pathway evaluation recognized 6 nominally vital pathways together with the mitophagy pathway. Three CpG websites demonstrated a urged interplay between intercourse and pack-years of smoking: GPR132, ANKRD44 and C19orf60.
All of them have been nominally vital in each male- and female-specific fashions, and the impact estimates have been in reverse instructions for female and male; GPR132 demonstrated vital affiliation between DNA methylation and gene expression in lung tissue (P< 0.05). Intercourse-specific associations with DNA methylation in lung tissue are wide-spread and will reveal genes and pathways related to intercourse variations for lung damaging results of cigarette smoking.
PHOSPHO2 Phosphatase Orphan-2 Human Recombinant Protein
Description: PHOSPHO2 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 265 amino acids (1-241) and having a molecular mass of 30.3kDa.;PHOSPHO2 is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
PHOSPHO1 Phosphatase Orphan-1 Human Recombinant Protein
Description: Human Phospho1 Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 295 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 31.3 kDa. The Human Phospho1 is fused to a 14 aa His tag at N-Terminus. Human Phosphocholine Phosphatase is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rabbit RAR related orphan receptor gamma ELISA kit
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Rabbit RAR related orphan receptor gamma ELISA kit
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Monkey RAR related orphan receptor gamma ELISA kit
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Monkey RAR related orphan receptor gamma ELISA kit
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Monkey RAR related orphan receptor gamma ELISA kit
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Intermediate Filament Family Orphan 1 (IFFO1) Antibody
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) in samples from tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) ELISA Kit
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) in samples from tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Rat RAR Related Orphan Receptor gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) in Tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) in Tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) in Tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) in Tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) ELISA Kit
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) in samples from Tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Rat RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Rat RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Rat RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Rat RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Rat Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 (NOR1) ELISA Kit
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) ELISA Kit
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Guinea pig RAR related orphan receptor gamma ELISA kit
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Guinea pig RAR related orphan receptor gamma ELISA kit
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig RAR related orphan receptor gamma in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma ELISA Kit (RORg)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) ELISA Kit
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) ELISA Kit
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORg) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Human RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORa) ELISA Kit
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
ELISA kit for Rat NOR1 (Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1)
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Neuron Derived Orphan Receptor 1 from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
ELISA kit for Human RORa (RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha)
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of RAR Related Orphan Receptor Alpha from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
ELISA kit for Human RORg (RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma)
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of RAR Related Orphan Receptor Gamma from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
Human Intermediate Filament Family Orphan 1 (IFFO1) ELISA Kit
